Section 130.57. Effective date of sentences

(a) Whenever a sentence of a
  court-martial as lawfully adjudged and approved includes a forfeiture of
  pay or allowances in addition to confinement not suspended or  deferred,
  the  forfeiture  may apply to pay or allowances becoming due on or after
  the date such sentence is approved by the convening authority and to any
  pay or allowances accrued before such date.
    (b)  Any  period  of  confinement  included  in  a   sentence   of   a
  court-martial  shall begin to run from the date the sentence is adjudged
  by  the  court-martial,  but  periods  during  which  the  sentence   to
  confinement  is suspended or deferred shall be excluded in computing the
  service of the term of confinement. Regulations adopted pursuant to this
  chapter may provide that sentences of confinement shall not be  executed
  until   approved   by  such  officers  as  may  be  designated  in  such
  regulations.
    (c) All other sentences of court-martial shall become effective on the
  date ordered executed.
    (d) On application by an accused who is under sentence to  confinement
  that  has  not been ordered executed, the convening authority or, if the
  accused is no longer under  his  jurisdiction,  the  officer  exercising
  similar  court-martial convening authority over the command to which the
  accused is currently assigned, may in his sole discretion defer  service
  of  a  sentence to confinement.   The deferment shall terminate when the
  sentence is ordered executed. The deferment may be rescinded at any time
  by the officer who granted it or, if the accused is no longer under  his
  jurisdiction,   by   the   officer   exercising   similar  court-martial
  jurisdiction  over  the  command  to  which  the  accused  is  currently
  assigned.