Section 5102. Definitions

In this chapter:
    (a) "Basic  economic  loss"  means,  up  to fifty thousand dollars per
  person of the following combined items, subject to  the  limitations  of
  section five thousand one hundred eight of this article:
    (1)  All  necessary  expenses  incurred  for:  (i)  medical,  hospital
  (including services rendered in compliance with article forty-one of the
  public health law, whether or not such services are rendered directly by
  a hospital), surgical, nursing, dental, ambulance,  x-ray,  prescription
  drug   and  prosthetic  services;  (ii)  psychiatric,  physical  therapy
  (provided that  treatment  is  rendered  pursuant  to  a  referral)  and
  occupational  therapy and rehabilitation; (iii) any non-medical remedial
  care and treatment rendered in accordance with  a  religious  method  of
  healing  recognized  by  the  laws  of  this  state;  and (iv) any other
  professional  health  services;  all  without  limitation  as  to  time,
  provided that within one year after the date of the accident causing the
  injury  it  is  ascertainable that further expenses may be incurred as a
  result of the injury. For the  purpose  of  determining  basic  economic
  loss,  the expenses incurred under this paragraph shall be in accordance
  with the limitations of section five thousand one hundred eight of  this
  article.
    (2)  Loss  of earnings from work which the person would have performed
  had he not been injured, and reasonable and necessary expenses  incurred
  by such person in obtaining services in lieu of those that he would have
  performed  for income, up to two thousand dollars per month for not more
  than three years from the date of the accident causing  the  injury.  An
  employee  who  is  entitled  to  receive  monetary payments, pursuant to
  statute or  contract  with  the  employer,  or  who  receives  voluntary
  monetary  benefits paid for by the employer, by reason of the employee's
  inability to work because of personal injury arising out of the  use  or
  operation  of  a  motor  vehicle, is not entitled to receive first party
  benefits for "loss of earnings  from  work"  to  the  extent  that  such
  monetary  payments  or  benefits  from the employer do not result in the
  employee  suffering  a  reduction  in  income  or  a  reduction  in  the
  employee's level of future benefits arising from a subsequent illness or
  injury.
    (3)  All  other  reasonable  and  necessary  expenses  incurred, up to
  twenty-five dollars per day for not more than one year from the date  of
  the accident causing the injury.
    (4) "Basic  economic  loss"  shall  not  include  any loss incurred on
  account of death; subject, however, to the provisions of paragraph  four
  of  subsection  (a)  of  section five thousand one hundred three of this
  article.
    (5) "Basic economic loss" shall also include an additional  option  to
  purchase,  for an additional premium, an additional twenty-five thousand
  dollars of coverage which the insured or his  legal  representative  may
  specify   will   be  applied  to  loss  of  earnings  from  work  and/or
  psychiatric, physical or occupational therapy and  rehabilitation  after
  the  initial  fifty  thousand  dollars  of  basic economic loss has been
  exhausted. This optional additional coverage shall be made available and
  notice with explanation of such coverage shall be provided by an insurer
  at the first policy renewal after the effective date of this  paragraph,
  or at the time of application.
    (b) "First  party  benefits"  means payments to reimburse a person for
  basic economic loss on account of personal injury arising out of the use
  or operation of a motor vehicle, less:
    (1) Twenty percent of lost earnings computed pursuant to paragraph two
  of subsection (a) of this section.

    (2) Amounts recovered or recoverable on account of such  injury  under
  state  or federal laws providing social security disability benefits, or
  workers' compensation benefits, or  disability  benefits  under  article
  nine  of the workers' compensation law, or medicare benefits, other than
  lifetime  reserve  days  and provided further that the medicare benefits
  utilized herein do not result in a reduction of such  person's  medicare
  benefits for a subsequent illness or injury.
    (3) Amounts deductible under the applicable insurance policy.
    (c) "Non-economic   loss"   means   pain  and  suffering  and  similar
  non-monetary detriment.
    (d) "Serious injury" means a personal injury which results  in  death;
  dismemberment;  significant  disfigurement; a fracture; loss of a fetus;
  permanent loss of use of a  body  organ,  member,  function  or  system;
  permanent  consequential  limitation  of  use of a body organ or member;
  significant limitation of use  of  a  body  function  or  system;  or  a
  medically  determined  injury  or  impairment  of a non-permanent nature
  which prevents the injured person from performing substantially  all  of
  the  material  acts  which  constitute such person's usual and customary
  daily activities for not less than ninety days during  the  one  hundred
  eighty  days  immediately  following  the  occurrence  of  the injury or
  impairment.
    (e) "Owner"  means  an  owner  as  defined  in  section  one   hundred
  twenty-eight of the vehicle and traffic law.
    (f) "Motor  vehicle" means a motor vehicle as defined in section three
  hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law and also includes fire and
  police vehicles. It shall not include any motor vehicle not required  to
  carry financial security pursuant to article six, eight or forty-eight-A
  of the vehicle and traffic law or a motorcycle, as defined in subsection
  (m) hereof.
    (g) "Insurer" means the insurance company or self-insurer, as the case
  may be, which provides the financial security required by article six or
  eight of the vehicle and traffic law.
    (h) "Member of his household" means a spouse, child or relative of the
  named insured who regularly resides in his household.
    (i) "Uninsured  motor  vehicle"  means  a  motor vehicle, the owner of
  which  is  (i)  a  financially  irresponsible  motorist  as  defined  in
  subsection  (j) of section five thousand two hundred two of this chapter
  or (ii) unknown and whose identity is unascertainable.
    (j) "Covered person" means any pedestrian injured through the  use  or
  operation  of,  or  any  owner, operator or occupant of, a motor vehicle
  which has in effect the financial security required by  article  six  or
  eight  of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law  or  which  is referred to in
  subdivision two of section three hundred twenty-one of such law; or  any
  other person entitled to first party benefits.
    (k) "Bus" means both a bus and a school bus as defined in sections one
  hundred four and one hundred forty-two of the vehicle and traffic law.
    (l) "Compensation  provider"  means  the  state insurance fund, or the
  person, association, corporation or insurance carrier or statutory  fund
  liable  under  state  or  federal  laws  for  the  payment  of  workers'
  compensation benefits or disability benefits under article nine  of  the
  workers' compensation law.
    (m) "Motorcycle"  means  any  motorcycle,  as  defined  in section one
  hundred twenty-three of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  and  which  is
  required  to  carry financial security pursuant to article six, eight or
  forty-eight-A of the vehicle and traffic law.